朝鲜使臣所见晚明社会之乱象——以赴明的朝鲜使臣所撰《朝天录》为中心

The social chaos in late Ming Dynasty in the observation of Korean Envoys:Centering on Korean Envoys' Chao Tian Lu

朝鲜使臣作为士大夫的一个群体,他们以"中华"人自居,一切以中华文化为本位,将其作为普世性的价值观念,并运用这种价值观念进行观察与思考。他们对晚明社会的观察与思考,无疑为我们研究晚明社会提供一个新的视角;而他们对晚明乱象的诸多批评恰是其普世价值观的反应,其终极关怀,既希望朝鲜王朝以明朝为前车之鉴,更期待着由朝鲜取而代之,来实现所谓真正的"中华"。

As a part of Scholar-officials,the Korean Envoys identified themselves as'Chinese'.They took Chinese Culture as the standard of all as well as the universal values,and use these values to observe and think.Their observation and thinking on Chinese society provide us a new perspective to study the late Ming period,and their comments on the chaos in late Ming Dynasty are exactly the reactions of their universal values.Therefore,the Envoys'Ultimate Concern contains the idea of taking Ming Dynasty as a warning to Korea,but moreover,it also carries an expectation of achieving the real'China'by replacing Ming with Korea.