居家养老和机构养老社会支持与总体幸福感的比较研究

A comparative study on the social support and general well-being of the aged people between home-based care and pension institution-based care

目的:调查居家养老和机构养老的老年人社会支持和总体幸福感的现状,探索老年人社会支持状况与总体幸福感的相关性。方法:采用一般资料调查问卷、总体幸福感量表、社会支持评定量表对居家养老者和机构养老者各170名进行调查,并对总体幸福感和社会支持状况进行相关性研究。结果:居家养老者总体幸福感总分低于机构养老者(P<0.01);居家养老的社会支持总分低于机构养老者(P<0.05);居家养老和机构养老的总社会支持和总体幸福感呈正相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论:机构养老的社会支持和总体幸福感高于居家养老者,并且社会支持与总体幸福感密切相关,要通过不断完善机构养老服务体系,加强老年人的社会支持建设,进而提高养老者的幸福满意度。

Objective： To investigate the current situation of social support and general well-being of the aged people receiving home-based care and pension institution-based care respectively and to analyze the correlation between them. Methods： The general information questionnaire,general well-being scale and the social support rating scale were used to investigate 170 aged people receiving home-based care and other 170 aged people receiving pension institution-based care and the correlation between general well-being of the aged people and social support status was analyzed. Results： The total scores of general well-being of the aged people were lower in those aged people who received home-based care than those received pension institution-based care（ P〈0. 01）; the social support was less in home-based care than that in pension institution-based care（ P〈0. 05）; the social support and general well-being of the aged people receiving home-based care and pension institution-based care were positively correlated（ P〈0. 05,P〈0. 01）. Conclusion： The social support and general well-being of the aged people in pension institution are much more than the aged people at home. The pension institution-based care will further be strengthened through the improvement of the service system of pension institutions.