淮北国家城市湿地公园野生植物区系及栽培植物营建

Research on Wild Plant Flora and Cultivated Plant Construction in Huaibei National Urban Wetland Park

论文对淮北煤矿塌陷区国家城市湿地公园野生植物区系进行调查,对公园栽培植物营建进行分析。结果表明:1)该区共有野生植物42科95属115种,其中单子叶植物6科27种,双子叶植物35科87种,蕨类植物1科1种。菊科(Compositae)、禾本科(Gramineae)和豆科(Leguminosae)为优势科;属的成分相对分散,均为寡种属和单种属;植物以农田杂草为主,区系成分简单,野生湿地植物种类优势明显。2)湿地公园湿地植被划分为2个植被型组、5个植被型和18个群系。白茅(Imperata cylindrical)、藜(Chenopodium album)、狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、香蒲(Typha orientalis)等为湿地公园湿地植物优势种群,形成大面积优势群落。3)栽培植物共计19科31属34种,主要有意杨(Populus×canadensis‘I-214’)、垂柳(Salix babylonica)、冬青卫矛(Euonymus japonica)、马尼拉草(Zoysia tenuifolia)等。4)园区有喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)等外来植物共10种,其中小花山桃草(Gaura parviflora)为安徽省首次记录。论文针对公园野生植物保护及栽培植物营建中存在的主要问题,提出了相应的保护及修复对策。

Wetland park is an ideal way of wetland protective utilization. As far as January2016, China has 706 national wetland parks and 46 national urban wetland parks. Till now,most wetland parks have no specification of construction design. In recent years, the number of wetland park rose quickly in China, but the guidance for wetland park construction is few, and thus it led to the fact that influential wetland park is few. As it is a new thing, there is no much construct theory for it. A lot of wetland parks lack of full consideration of regional nature and society, and can＇t deal with the relationship between wetland protection and recreation entertainment, so the wetland ecosystem was often destroyed by human activities.In this work, a survey on wild plant flora was conducted in the national urban wetland park at coal mine subsidence of Huaibei City. The construction of cultivated plants was evaluated. The results showed that： 1） There are 115 species of wild plants belonging to 42 families and 95 genera, including 6 families of monocotyledon plants belonging to 27 species,35 families of dicotyledon plants belong to 87 species, and 1 family of pteridophytes plant belonging to 1 specie. Gramineae, Compositae and Leguminosae are dominant families. The composition of genera is relatively dispersed, all being single species or few species genera.The wetland plant species take obvious advantage, which are mainly farmland weeds. 2） The wetland vegetation can be divided into 2 vegetation type groups, 5 vegetation types and 18 formations. Phragmites australis, Typha orientalis, Paspalum paspaloides, Imperata cylindrical, Chenopodium album and Cynodon dactylon are the dominant species in the wetland park and format a large area of dominant communities. 3） There are 34 species of cultivated plants which belong to 19 families and 31 genera, and mainly are Populus ×canadensis‘I- 214＇, Salix babylonica, Euonymus japonica and Zoysia tenuifolia. 4） There are10 exotic plants, in which Gaura parviflora is recorded for the first time in Anhui Province.We put forward some protection and restoration strategies towards the main problems about the protection of wild plants and the construction of cultivated plants in the park. Park management department should not only clarify the core and buffer areas of the wetland park,but also need to carry out different measures for the core and its surrounding area, and protect the wild flora and its environment. The selection of cultivated plants should give priority to native plants, and use external plants as less as possible. Invasive plants have had great influence on the landscape of the park and other plants, so manual removal and other measures should be taken to stop their expansion. The main plants in the wetland park should be notated with names. The popularization and education on wetland plants and ecology would reduce the public damages to the plants in the park.