论特别敏感海域制度在南海的适用

On the Application of Particularly Sensitive Sea Area System in South China Sea

特别敏感海域制度是国际海事组织主导的海洋环境保护制度,通过规范国际航运活动实现海洋环境保护,与其他相关海洋环境保护制度具有差异性。南海符合特别敏感海域选划标准,从南海争端现存局势看,在南海申请指定特别敏感海域对中国利弊均存,但利大于弊。中国应当在国际海事组织成员国和1974年《国际海上人命安全公约》缔约国框架内,主动介入菲律宾、马来西亚、印度尼西亚和越南所提特别敏感海域申请,从把握区域环境治理国际话语权及积累政治互信角度出发,采取双边路径与多边路径相结合的方式,以国际海事组织相关法律文件的规定为依据,选择适宜于本国的特别敏感海域制度申请路径及海域管护措施,以维护我国在南海享有的合法权益。

Particularly Sensitive Sea Area system（ PSSAs） aims to realize marine environment protection through regulating international shipping activities. It is one of Marine Environment Protection regimes leading by IMO,yet it is different from other relative Marine Protection regimes. South China Sea（ SCS） falls in with PSSA standards. In the view of current maritime disputes in SCS,there are advantages and disadvantages on PSSAs＇ application in SCS. However,the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages in this case. As IMO Membership and a SOLAS participant,China should take a hand on PSSAs＇ application in SCS which promoted by Philippines,Malaysia,Indonesia and Viet Nam,from the view of holding international discourse power in regional environment management and accumulating political mutual trust. Following to IMO relevant legal documents,China should take the bilateral and multilateral way together,choose suitable application ways and measures,and safeguard China＇s legitimate rights and interests in SCS.