论防空识别区的性质——“灰色地带”的成因与特点

On the Nature of Air Defense Identification Zone:Causes and Characteristics of the Grey Area

防空识别区起源于20世纪50年代,是沿海国为维护国家安全而在领海以外水域上方划定的一定空域,其虽然是对空域的划定但却以领海基线为起点。囿于经济驱动的不足以及安全利益的弱化,该制度始终未能通过国际条约或者国际习惯确立其法律地位,这就使得防空识别区作为国家主权权利的拓展无法得到国际法的有效保障,而成为国家权利的"灰色地带"。防空识别区具有剩余性、技术性、辅助性和沿海性等特点。根据对等原则,任何已经建立防空识别区的国家都不应当对我国的防空识别区制度提出质疑。深入理解防空识别区的这些性质和特点对于我国防空识别区建设具有重要意义。

Air Defense Identification Zone（ ADIZ）,originated in the 1950 s,is an area of airspace over water established by the coastal states for the safeguard of national security. Although it is an area established in the air,it starts with the territorial sea baseline. However,as a result of the insufficient economic driving force and the diminished security interests,ADIZ has never established its legal status through treaties or customary international law. This makes the ADIZ,as an expansion of national sovereign rights,can not be guaranteed effectively by the international law and become a ＂grey area＂of national rights. Some words can be used to describe the characteristics of ADIZ,like ＂residual＂,＂technical＂,＂assistant＂and ＂coastal＂.According to the principle of reciprocity,any other country that has established ADIZ should not question the regulations of ADIZ in our country. The deep understanding of its nature and the characteristics has important implications for the establishment of ADIZ in our country.