环境内分泌干扰物与出生缺陷关系研究进展

The association between environment endocrine disruptors and birth defects

遗传因素和环境因素交互作用是导致出生缺陷的重要原因。研究表明,环境中广泛存在的环境内分泌干扰物,其通过直接或间接的方式在人体内蓄积,并与激素受体结合起激素样作用,引起内分泌系统和生殖系统紊乱,从而影响生殖腺发育、配子发生、胚胎生长发育以及导致染色体异常、基因突变等改变,导致流产、胎儿生长受限、先天畸形和出生缺陷。本文通过对环境内分泌干扰物的分类、作用特点及其对人和动物生殖毒性的影响及作用机理等问题进行综述,以便加深对环境内分泌干扰物与出生缺陷相关性的理解,有利于临床上生殖健康相关疾病的预防、诊断和治疗,降低出生缺陷的发生,提高人口素质。

Birth defects are mostly caused by environmental or genetic factors acting independently or in concert. The ubiquitous exposure to environmental endocrine disruptors（EEDs） in the general population has lead to disruption of endocrine and reproductive system by accumulation of EEDs in human body directly or indirectly, resulting as infertility,miscarriage, fetal growth restriction, congenital malformations and birth defects. Current studies indicate that EEDs may have adverse effects on gonadal development, gametogenesis and embryonic development, and may be associated with chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations. Here, we reviewed the classification of EEDs and their impacts on reproductive system aiming to make a better understand of their impacts on birth defects and human reproductive health.