摘要
乡村空间多功能划分和时空演变特征的研究是乡村地域功能研究的重要补充,能够有效引导乡村土地合理健康利用,促进城乡协调可持续发展。该研究以重庆市为例,在识别乡村空间多功能基础上,采用熵值法对乡村空间功能值进行测度,探索乡村空间的格局分异及演进趋势,并运用GIS技术和Dagum基尼系数估计方法,对重庆市不同地区乡村空间功能值的空间非均衡及分布动态进行了实证研究。结果表明:1)乡村生产空间和生态空间的功能强度明显高于乡村生活功能值,重庆市2003-2013年期间,乡村空间各功能值非均衡性不断明显。2)乡村空间功能值空间分布的地区差距总体呈现低-高-低上下波动的不稳定态势,乡村空间总功能值差距越来越小,地区间差距对总体差距的影响较明显,超变密度对乡村空间功能值空间分布的影响不断增强。3)Dagum基尼系数不仅能够有效解决地区差距的来源问题,同时能够描述子样本的分布状况,有效解决样本之间的交叉重叠问题。该研究运用Dagum基尼系数,能够更为深入地刻画重庆市不同地区乡村空间功能值地区差异及演化特征,为乡村发展方向确定及路径选择提供科学依据。
China is on an important stage, in which social economy and urbanization are developed rapidly, and the constant urban and rural population mobility and economic and social development elements' destruction and interaction,resulting in the reconstruction of rural space. The purpose of this paper is to establish a theoretical basis and method for scientific construction of reasonable rural space function evaluation index system, and to provide a scientific basis for the rural functional orientation and direction of development and a reference for the rural land use planning, management and ecological protection. In this paper, we specified rural spatial multi-function into rural production, rural ecological function and rural life function. Combining with the study of rural land use characteristics, we selected 15 indicators including per capita food production, rural population and area of cultivated land per capita the value of tertiary industry per capita, rural employment structure, gross output value of farming, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, and the ecological service value, the forest coverage rate, wetland area ratio, per capita of water resources, soil and water loss rate, disaster index,hospitals and health hospital beds per 10,000 people, rural housing area per capita, urban and rural income balance index and rural residents per capita living expenditures for consumption. For data collection, we took entropy method to measure the value of the function of rural space and exploration of rural spatial pattern of differentiation and evolution tendency, and estimation method based on the GIS technology and Dagum Gini coefficient in different areas of Chongqing rural space function value of non equilibrium and dynamic distribution of empirical research. The results showed that the functional intensity of rural production space and ecological space was higher than that of rural life function, and the functional value of rural space in Chongqing city during 2003-2013 period was different. Rural space function value and spatial distribution of regional disparity in general showed low-high-low fluctuations in the unstable situation, that was, the total function of the rural space value gap was smaller in general, and the effects of the gap of economic development between the regions of the overall difference was obvious and density of rural space function value spatial distribution of ring increasing. The function of rural production space presented an upward trend. Rural ecological spatial function of the overall presented a low-highlow fluctuation of the unstable situation. The rural living space function was in a high-low-high-wave dynamic state. Inter regional disparity was the main reason for the non balanced development of rural ecological space and living space in Chongqing city. Each sub function intensity in different functional areas of disparities, especially between the Metropolitan Function Area, Newly Developed Urban Area and Northeastern Ecological Conservation Area, Southeastern Environment Protection Area, the gap of rural ecological space function and rural living space was large, and the gap tended to expand.Dagum Gini coefficient can not only effectively solve the problem of the regional disparity of source, but also can help descripting the sample distribution to effectively solve the overlapping problem between samples. The result was credible and had high reliability. It had an important complementary role for the research of rural territorial function theory and research methods. The results of this study on rural functional provided 1)scientific basis to the position and development direction, 2)policy reference for rural land use planning, management and ecological protection, and 3)a good example for other rural areas on the function of fostering and rural construction. In theory, this paper only made a macro evaluation, and the evaluation of the micro unit needed to be further verified to improve the science and rational. At the same time, the influence factors and consequences of the non equilibrium of rural spatial function should be considered in this study.
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2016年第10期240-248,共9页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项课题:三峡库区及上游流域农村面源污染控制技术与工程示范(2012ZX07104-003)
中央高校基本业务费专项资金资助(XDJK2016C120)
关键词
土地利用
农村地区
分区
多功能
基尼系数
时空演变
land use
rural areas
zoning
multifunction
Gini coefficient
spatial differentiation