疾病模型构建新时代——CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术

A new era of disease model construction—CRISPR/Cas gene editing technology

在医学研究中,根据疾病构建模型一直是极其重要的。模型的构建对研究疾病的发生与治疗有着极为重要的意义。随着科学技术的发展,对在疾病模型构建中所应用的基因编辑技术的要求不断提高,CRISPR/Cas基因编辑技术应运而生。CRISPR/Cas是存在于细菌和古细菌中的一种免疫机制,通过人工改造CRISPR/Cas,可以使其成为一种新的基因编辑技术。相较于传统编辑方法,CRISPR/Cas系统更简单高效,易于操作,构建疾病模型成本低、耗时短,因此成为当今广泛研究和应用的方法。就CRISPR/Cas系统的基本构成、作用原理、技术方法与当前应用进行综述,并对该技术的前景进行展望,希望对有关领域的研究者有所帮助。

In medical research,it is very important to construct the model according to the disease model. The construction of the model has a very important significance for the study of the occurrence and treatment of the disease. With the development of science and technology,the requirement of gene editing technology applied in the construction of the disease model is improved,and CRISPR / Cas gene editing technology emerged as the times require. CRISPR / Cas is a kind of immune mechanism in bacteria and ancient bacteria,and it can be transformed into a new gene editing technology by artificial modification of CRISPR / Cas. Compared with the traditional editing method,the CRISPR / Cas system is more simple and efficient,which is easy to operate,and the construction of the disease model cost is low,and the time is short,so it has become a widely studied and applied method. In this article the basic form of CRISPR / Cas,action principle,technical methods and the application are reviewed,and the prospect of the technology is discussed hoping to be helpful for other related researchers.