恒河猴幼猴出生后生长发育参数背景数据及其行为学特征

Growth and developmental parameters and behavioral characteristics of infant rhesus monkeys

目的研究恒河猴幼猴出生后12个月的生长发育变化特征及神经行为学特征,建立生长发育参数背景参考数据。方法选取单笼条件下出生的、遗传背景清晰、出生天数明确的18只(雄性11只,雌性7只)恒河猴幼猴,于出生后第1天至360天每月进行体重、身高、头围、胸围、前肢长、后肢长、冠臀长,尾长及肛门生殖器距离等生长发育指标的测量,出生后第28、175和360天进行血液学、血液生化学和淋巴细胞亚群分析检测,出生后第208天进行手指迷路测试。结果体重呈线性增长,性别间差异无显著性(P>0.05);形态发育指标中除肛门生殖器距离雄性显著大于雌性外(P<0.01),其余指标在各检测点性别间差异均无显著性(P>0.05);血液学各指标性别间差异无显著性(P>0.05),出生后第175和360天的RBC和HGB显著高于第28天(P<0.05);与出生后第28天相比,血液生化学中TP和BUN水平在出生后第175和360天均显著升高(P<0.01),ALP虽表现为降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);与出生后第28天相比,淋巴细胞亚群中CD4+及CD4+/CD8+比值在出生后第175和360天均显著降低(P<0.01),而CD8+比例显著升高(P<0.01);手指迷路测试中,学习期幼猴完成任务2所需测试次数显著多于其他任务,且雌性显著少于雄性(P<0.05),其余任务性别间差异无显著性(P>0.05);记忆期连续2天随机测试雌性幼猴的正确率均显著高于雄性幼猴(P<0.05)。结论体重及形态发育指标与出生天数呈线性增长,血液学、血液生化学和淋巴细胞亚群指标中RBC、HGB、LYMPH、TP、BUN、ALP、CD4+、CD8+及CD4+/CD8+等出现了与幼猴器官系统生长发育相关的改变,在药物评价中应重点关注,手指迷路测试提示雌性幼猴逆转学习能力及长期记忆优于雄性幼猴。本研究建立了恒河猴幼猴出生后12个月生长发育参数的背景数据及神经行为学特征,为恒河猴生殖发育毒性评价提供了参考依据及数据支持。

Objective To explore the growth and developmental parameters and behavioral characteristics of rhesus monkeys during the first year of birth and to establish the background data. Methods A total of 18（ ♂ = 11,♀ =7） infant rhesus monkeys born from individually caged mothers and with known genetic background and postnatal days were monitored monthly for body weight,body height,head circumference,chest circumference,forelimb length,hind limb length,crown-rump length,tail length and anal-genital distance from postnatal day（ PND） 1 to 360,while hematology,blood chemistry and lymphocyte subsets were examined on PND 28,175 and 360,and finger maze test was carried out on PND 208. Results The body weight showed linear growth with no significant difference between genders（ P 0. 05）.Except for the anal-genital distance of male infants was significantly greater than that of female infants（ P 0. 01）,no significant differences were observed between sexes in other morphological parameters. No significant differences of hematology were seen between genders（ P 0. 05）. Compared with that at PND28,TP and BUN were significantly increased（ P 0. 01） while ALP decreased with no significant difference（ P 0. 05） at PND 175 and 360. Compared with that at PND28,CD4＋and CD4＋/ CD8＋were significantly decreased（ P 0. 01） while CD8＋significantly increased（ P 0. 01） at PND175 and 360. The number of sessions to solve task 2 in learning test was significantly greater than other tasks with females significantly less than males（ P 0. 05）. The females had higher correct rate than males in the 2-day random memory test（ P 0. 05）. Conclusions Body weight and morphological parameters show a linear growth. The PND. The RBC,HGB,LYMPH,TP,BUN,ALP,CD4＋,CD8＋and CD4＋/ CD8＋in hematology,blood chemistry and lymphocyte subsets show relevant changes to the growth and development of organs and systems in infants,which should be highly concerned in drug evaluation. The finger maze test indicates that female infants have better reversal learning and long-term memory than male infants. Background data and behavioral characteristics of infant rhesus monkeys during the first 12 months of birth are established in this study,which provide useful reference and support the evaluation of developmental and reproductive toxicity of drugs in rhesus monkeys.