中国全要素生产率的产业异质性、区域差异及空间布局优化

Industry Heterogeneity,Regional Disparity and Space Pattern Optimization of Total Factor Productivity in China

在我国产业结构转型升级的背景下,本文引入"环境技术"框架,结合方向距离函数和三层级生产前沿函数对我国全要素生产率(TFP)进行解构,并将其置于全国、区域和省级三个层面进行分析。实证结果表明:我国全要素生产率处于较低水平,结构无效率、技术无效率和管理无效率是其共同成因;不同产业之间的全要素生产率及无效率成因呈现出明显的产业异质性,不同地区之间的生产情况则存在显著的技术差异。各地应结合自身实际情况和全要素生产无效率成因,从产业结构调整、技术提升、管理优化等方面入手对其产业空间布局进行优化。

Under the background of transformation and upgrading of industrial structure,this paper takes environmental factor into consideration,and decomposes total factor productivity（ TFP） in three levels： national level,regional level and provincial level. The model based on directional distance function and three- level production frontier function is constructed to measure the TFP in China. The results show that,the TFP in China's Mainland is relatively low,while structure inefficiency,technical inefficiency and manage inefficiency are the common causes. Besides,those causes appear obviously heterogeneous in different industries,while the production status also shows a distinct characteristic of spatial difference. Combining with the practical situation of the provinces and the inefficiency causes,the paper provides space pattern optimization advice from three aspects： industrial restructuring,technical promotion and management optimization.