身份与权利:一届全国人大的基层选举

Identity and Right——the Grass-roots Election in the First National People's Congress

一届全国人大的选举虽发生于新中国成立之后,但却是新民主主义革命的延续。因此,政治选举权的获得必然受社会成员身份的制约。一届全国人大的基层选举明确剥夺地主阶级分子、反革命分子的选举权,限制了精神病人行使选举权,确定革命进程中涌现的先进分子为人民代表候选人。尽管中央选举委员会对剥夺选举权利的阶级身份与政治身份有相当细致的明确界定,但是实际的选民资格认定依然存在差错。这些差错主要是由政策理解偏差而起,因而纠正起来并不复杂。虽然因身份原因而失去选举权利的比例数不高,但绝对数量不小。然而,并不能因此而质疑一届全国人大基层选举的广泛性和民主性。

The election of the First National People＇ s Congress happened after the establishment of the New China, but was the continuity of the new democratic revolution. Therefore, the obtainment of the suffrage must be constrained by the identification of the social members. The grass-roots election of the First Session of the National People＇ s Congress explicitly deprived of the suffrage of the landlord class, and political counter-revolutionists, limited the mental patients to exercise their right to vote, and determined the advanced people in the revolution process as the people＇ s representative candidates. Despite the Central Election Commission made the clear defini- tion on class and political identity deprived of the suffrage, the actual identification of voters still existed errors. These errors were mainly due to deviations in policy understanding, so correcting the mistake was not complicat- ed. The proportion of the loss of voting rights because of the identity was not high, but the absolute number was not small. However, the wideness and democracy of grass-roots election of the First National People＇ s Congress is doubtless.