国外可能世界叙事理论研究述评

The Review on Foreign Researches on Possible-World Narrative Theory

叙事学研究从经典叙事学阶段进入后经典叙事学阶段之后,因其包容性和开放性更显蓬勃发展之势。近年来,在探讨虚构叙事与现实世界之间关系的问题时,国外一些学者提出了可能世界叙事理论,研究主要包括:一、从本体论出发,将虚构叙事视为籍由语言力量建构起的可能世界、具有自身的本体独立性,文学中可能世界的界限也就成了表达或想象力的界限;二、引入了叙事模态的概念,将可能世界理论与叙事语义学联系在一起,分析叙事文本世界的层次模型、叙事文本中人物的表征世界与文本现实世界之间的复杂互动关系;三、从读者认知角度考察了虚构世界的类型学;四、应用可能世界理论重新整合"叙事性"概念,研究电子媒介、超文本中的可能世界。

Narratological research flourishes because of its containment and openness after it turned from the stage of classical narratology into the stage of post-classical narratology. In recent years,when discussing the issue of the relationship between fictional narrative and real world,some foreign scholars have raised possible-world narrative theory,which covers several main aspects：1. Based on the theory of ontology,regarding fictional narrative as possible worlds constructed by way of language power. 2. Introduce narrative modality concept,and connect possible-world theory with narrative semantics to analyze the hierarchical models,the complicated interactive relations between worlds represented by characters and text actual world in narrative worlds. 3. Explore the typology of fictional worlds from reader＇s cognitive perspective. 4. Apply possible-world theory to integrate anew the concept of narrativity and study the possible worlds in electronic media and hypertexts.