魏晋南北朝文艺批评的拟社会化机制及基本模型

The Imitating Socialization Mechanism and Basic Model of Literary and Arts Criticism in Wei Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties

魏晋南北朝的社会品评随时序发生功能移转,经由道德素养移至政治清议再转向审美旨趣;文艺批评随之体现出拟社会化特征,其客体论和主体论也初建起来。此期的文艺批评借鉴社会品评之"取象比类"思维方式,形成具体的"比兴象喻"批评法,并分流出重视感性审美体验的《诗品》"直寻"模式与追求客观公正效果的《文心雕龙》"妙鉴"模式。《诗品》遂构建起一个诗人社会,对后代诗话、词话、曲话的形成产生内在的影响;《文心雕龙》把社会品评的道德标准转换成了艺术标准,使文艺批评走向自觉和成熟。

The Social evaluation made a functional transfer from moral qualities to pure critique,then to aesthetic interesting with the passage of time during Wei Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties. Literary and art criticism reflect the feature of Imitating Socialization,constructing the theory of object and subject. It drew on the experience of the Social evaluation,the thinking of classification according to manifestation,and formed the concrete Bi Xing and Vivid figuration. It diverts into Shipin＇s Direct Search mode that pay attention to the perceptual aesthetic experience and Wenxindiaolong＇s Ingenious Appreciation mode in pursuit of the effect of the objective. And then,Shi Pin constructs a poets＇ society which has an internal influence on the formation of the poetry theory,Ci Hua and Qu Hua. Wenxindiaolong converts the moral standard of social evaluation to artistic standards that made the literary criticism to self-consciously and maturely.