神农架川金丝猴投食群的母婴关系

Mother-infant interaction in a provisioned group of golden snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) in Shennongjia,China

灵长类动物母亲的育婴行为不仅对后代的存活起着关键作用,而且对婴猴的发育和成年后的社会交往有着重大影响,因此母—婴关系一直是灵长类学研究的热点之一。为了解川金丝猴的母—婴关系,探讨川金丝猴母—婴关系个体差异的影响因素,我们于2013年3月至2014年10月,以母—婴间相对距离表示照料强度,对神农架川金丝猴的母—婴照料关系以及母亲照料强度个体差异的影响因素进行了定量研究。结果表明:母亲照料行为强度、母亲对阿姨行为的容忍与婴猴年龄相关,限制行为与婴猴年龄不相关。身体接触与婴猴年龄不相关;腹部接触以及母—婴相对距离小于1 m与婴猴年龄呈负相关;相对距离1 m至5 m、相对距离5 m至10 m和相对距离大于10 m与婴猴年龄呈正相关;母亲对阿姨行为的拒绝与婴猴年龄呈负相关;母亲对婴猴的限制行为与年龄不相关。总的来说,即随着婴猴成长,母婴间距离越来越远,母亲也逐渐减少对婴猴的保护。母亲的生育经验、婴猴性别、婴猴出生先后和社会单元大小对神农架川金丝猴母婴关系没有显著影响,补食群丰富的食物资源和群内雌性友好的关系可能是导致本结果的原因。

The maternal behavior of primates is critical for offspring survival and female reproductive success,and also impacts infant development and adult relationships with other individuals. Thus,observations of mother-infant interactions are a subject of current interest. To document the maternal behavior of Rhinopithecus roxellana,and factors that affect motherinfant interaction,from March 2013 to October 2014 the relative distance between the mother and the infant,the mother＇s restraining of the infant,and rejection of allomaternal behavior were recorded for 15 mother-infant dyads in a provisioned group at Dalongtan,in Shennongjia National Nature Reserve. We found that the time infants spent in ventral contact with the mother was significantly negatively correlated with infant age,whereas there was no significant relationship between general body contact and infant age. Relative distance between mother and infant was negatively correlated with infant age at distances 1 m,and positively correlated at distances of 1- 5 m,5- 10 m,and 〉10 m. The mother＇s restraining behavior did not correlate with infant age,while the mother＇s rejection of allomaternal behavior was negatively correlated with infant age. The results also suggest that the distance between mother and infant increased with the growth and development of the infant,and that the mother was less protective of the infant as it became more active and mobile. Maternal parity,the sex of the infant,the infant＇s birth date,and social unit size had a minimal influence on mother-infant relationships.Lower food competition and intra-group aggression between the females in the provision population might explain this result of mother-infant relationship.