甜菜育种中遗传漂变现象的分析与探讨

Analysis and Discussion on Genetic Drift of Sugar Beet Breeding

小群体样本繁殖时,基因不能充分自由分离与组合,导致群体内基因频率、基因型频率发生改变,称之为遗传漂变。遗传漂变会改变甜菜生物学性状和经济学性状。以H9A、H9B为单株材料提纯不育系和保持系育种实践中,生成的各系之间产质量性状多呈显著或极显著区别;以N3019创新选育不育系和保持系,生成的各系生物学性状发生多类型分化,块根产量、产糖量与原始群体比较多呈显著或极显著变化,含糖率出现高低分化,或极显著降低,或无显著提高。针对甜菜育种实践,提出了避免发生遗传漂变的措施和办法。

When small group propagates by seed, the gene can not be fully independent segregation and assortment, resulting in population gene frequency and genotype frequency are changed, known as genetic drift. Genetic drift will change the biological characteristics and economic traits of sugar beet. Sugar beet H9A and H9B as individual plant material purification CMS lines and maintainer lines, generating many lines,between which of yield and quality traits were significant or extremely significant difference; Using N3019 to innovatively breed CMS lines and maintainer lines, generating many lines, between which of biological characters was divided into multi-type, and root yield, sugar content changed very significant, and sugar contents differentiated, significantly reduced or no significant increase, in comparison with their original population. The measures and methods were put forward to avoid occurrence of genetic drift in breeding practice of sugar beet.