高温密闭舱室作业人员生理负荷评估

Assessment of Physiological Load of Workers in a High Temperature Airtight Cabin

目的评估高温密闭舱室环境特征及其对作业人员生理负荷的影响,为制订保障作业人员健康和作业能力的措施提供依据。方法利用便携式QUES Temp 36热环境监测仪,测量3种不同类型(A、B、C)的密闭舱室环境热强度;采用心率仪、体温计和疲劳程度问卷,测量舱室作业人员生理状态,评估作业负荷;每种舱室作业人员各8名。结果密闭舱室中三球温度(WBGT)分别为:舱室A(22.72±1.85)℃,为常温舱室;舱室B(28.86±3.93)℃,为高温舱室;舱室C可达(36.50±1.39)℃,属于极端热环境。各舱室作业人员劳动强度均为轻等强度,疲劳程度为中度。舱室B作业人员生理紧张指数(PSI)为2.38±0.81,显著高于常温舱室(P<0.05)。舱室C作业人员体表温度(37.35±0.98)℃、核心温度(38.93±0.95)℃、生理紧张指数(PSI)4.96±1.24,均超过人体耐受极限。结论高温舱室作业人员生理负荷大,环境热强度越高-生理负荷越大。应特别关注作业负荷较重的高温舱室作业人员,预防热损伤。

Objective To assessment the environmental characteristics of the high temperature airtight chamber and its effects on the physiological load of the workers,so as to provide the basis for intervention development for health and performance. Methods Environmental heat stress of three airtight chambers（ A,B,C） was measured using the portable QUES Temp 36 thermal environment monitor. Eight workers in each chamber were selected,and their physiological states,workloads were monitored and evaluated using the heart rate meter,thermometer and fatigue degree questionnaire. Result The chamber A is the normal temperature chamber,in which the wet bulb globe temperature index（ WBGT） is 22. 72 ± 1. 85℃. The chamber B is the high temperature chamber in which the WBGT is 28. 86 ± 3. 93℃. The chamber C is the extreme thermal chamber in which the WBGT is up to36. 50 ± 1. 39℃. For the workers in all the three chambers,the physical work intensity was at the light degree,and the fatigue was at the moderate degree. The physiological strain index（ PSI） of the workers in chamber B was2. 38 ± 0. 81,which was significantly higher than that in the normal one（ P〈0. 05）. Workers＇ body surface temperature,core temperature and PSI in chamber C were 37. 35 ± 0. 98℃,38. 93 ± 0. 95℃ and 4. 96 ± 1. 24 respectively,which all exceeded the tolerance limitation. Conclusion The physiological load of workers in high temperature chamber is high,which shows that the higher the ambient heat intensity is,the greater the effect of physiological load is.It is important to pay more attention for the workers in high temperature chamber to prevent from heat damage.