规约的惩罚:古代奥运会拒绝女性参与的社会学解读

Social and Religious Constraints: a Sociological Perspective on the Denial of Women's Participation in Ancient Olympic Games

作为人类最伟大最壮观的体育运动,女性对古希腊奥运会参与权的争取反映和表现了人类对生命欲望的渴求,将女性的足迹禁锢在奥运会之外是对其生命欲求的压制和惩罚。在社会变迁视角下解读奥运会的发展演进,从而窥及古代奥运会拒绝女性参与的原因,研究认为:女性与男性社会地位的差异,生产方式的演进和社会分工的变革,亵渎神灵的宗教规约,城邦国家的男权特质,性别身体与"美"的观念差异等是其主要原因。冲破规约的束缚和惩罚,取得和男性平等的参与权,女性奋斗了近百年终于在近代奥运会得以实现。

Women＇s fight for the right to participate in the Olympic Games,humanity＇s greatest and most spectacular sports event,is a reflection of human desire for life. However,confinement of women＇s footsteps outside the Olympic Games is suppression and punishment of such a pursuit. This article aims to interpret from a sociological perspective the evolution of the Olympic Games,and explore the causes of women being forbidden to participate in the Games. Such causes may include the difference between men＇s and women＇s social statuses,evolution of the mode of production and change of social division of labor,religious punishment on blasphemy,,masculinity of the city-state,and physiological and aesthetic differences between the two sexes. Women＇s continuous struggle eventually paid off： they shattered the shackles and punishment imposed by social and religious constraints and obtained equal rights to participate in the modern Olympic Games.