基于DEA模型的北京市体育品牌赛事政府作用绩效分析

A DEA Model-based Efficiency Analysis of Government Function in Beijing Name Brand Sport Events

绩效提升是体育品牌赛事培育发展的内在要求,也是城市赛事产业获取持续竞争优势的动力源泉。采用数据包络分析法的CCR、BBC、SE-DEA模型,选取北京市2012年举办22项单项品牌赛事作为样本,对政府资源投入相关效率进行初步测量评估,并对重点品牌赛事投入效率与一般赛事投入效率进行了比较分析。结果显示:1)北京市体育品牌赛事投入的综合技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率较高,赛事资源总体上得到了有效运用,但仍有部分赛事存在投入冗余与产出不足;2)规模报酬来看,大部分规模效率非DEA有效赛事位于规模报酬递增阶段,表明规模无效不仅是投入过量问题,应从调整资源配置规模和结构入手提高效率;3)比较来看,无论是综合效率,还是纯技术效率和规模效率重点赛事均要高于其他参考赛事,并且重点品牌赛事之间投入效率的差异小于其他参考赛事,赛事标杆作用不断显现;4)超效率模型表明处于DEA有效赛事的投入效率也存在较大差别,中国网球公开赛效率值远高于其他赛事。建议合理配置政府部门人员数量、积极为品牌赛事活动提供服务,挖掘赛事市场潜力、扩大赛事外部效应,提升公共投资刚性财政约束、建立赛事培育效果多元监督机制,完善赛事审批制度改革政策细化、培育多样化赛事市场主体。

Performance improvement is an inherent requirement in developing name brand sports events,and also the driving force of city sports events industry in obtaining a sustainable competitive advantage. Using CCR,BBC and SE-DEA model of data envelopment analysis,we selected as samples 22 name brand events held in Beijing in 2012 and preliminarily measured and evaluated the relative efficiency of governmental resources before conducting a comparative analysis of input efficiency between key and general name brand events. The results show that： 1） comprehensive technical efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of Beijing name brand sports events are high,and events resources have been effectively used on the whole,but there exist input redundancy and output deficiency; 2） that seen from the scale reward,most DEA non-effective events of the scale efficiency are at the stage of increasing return in scale,indicating that the scale invalidity not only results from input excess,but to improve efficiency,adjustment needs to be made in the scale and structure of resources allocation; 3） that comparatively,comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of important events are higher than other reference events,but input efficiency difference is smaller,an indication of eventsbenchmarking; 4） that the super efficiency model reveals that difference exists in input efficiency of DEA effective events,with China Open efficiency value being much higher than those of other events. We propose the following solutions： allocating rationally the government department personnel,actively providing service for name brand events,tapping the market potential,expanding the external effects of the events,increasing rigid fiscal constraints on public investment,setting up a multiple supervision mechanism for event cultivation,perfecting events examination and approval system,and fostering diversified events markets.