云南省居民区室内小型兽类体表蚤类与宿主关系研究

Study on the relationship between fleas and indoor small mammal hosts in residential areas in Yunnan province

目的分析云南省居民区室内蚤类及其宿主动物的关系。方法 2009-2013年,在云南省5个不同动物地理小区内43个县(市、区)的山地及坝区居民区室内,采用笼夜法捕获鼠形动物,并收集体表寄生蚤。利用Levins生态位宽度和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数公式,测定动物地理小区蚤类的宿主生态位和蚤类及其宿主的多样性指数。结果共采获蚤类5科11属13种1 925匹,宿主动物3目5科10属14种1 582只。在13种蚤中,绒鼠怪蚤、野韧棒蚤、猫栉首蚤、不等单蚤和缓慢细蚤的寄主生态位宽度较高,分别为0.252 5、0.252 5、0.252 3、0.214 5和0.202 3。14种宿主动物中,寄生蚤多样性指数以大足鼠最高(1.517 9),其次为小家鼠(1.352 2)和褐家鼠(1.116 6)。各动物地理小区居民区室内蚤类多样性为:Ⅰ.横断山中部小区>Ⅴ.滇南山地小区>Ⅲ.滇东高原小区>Ⅱ.横断山南部小区>Ⅳ.滇西高原小区;宿主动物多样性指数为Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅴ>Ⅱ>Ⅳ。结论蚤类多样性与宿主动物多样性、丰富度和密度的关系不密切;蚤类的寄主生态位宽度能一定程度反映蚤类成虫对宿主动物选择的特异性关系。

Objective To understand and analyze the relationship between fleas and their indoor small mammal hosts in Yunnan province. Methods During 2009-2013, small mammals were trapped and fleas were collected off the hosts indoor in residential areas in the mountain and dam areas in 43 counties （cities, districts） of 5 different zoogeographical areas of Yunnan province. Levins niche width formula and Shannon-Wiener diversity index formula were used, to analyze the host trophic niche breadth of the fleas and diversity index of fleas and their hosts. Results In total 1925 fleas belonging to 13 species 11 genera 5 families were collected off 1 582 hosts animals belonging to 14 species 10 genera 5 families. Among 13 species of fleas, Paradoxopsyllus custodies, Lentistivalius ferinus, Ctenocephalides felis felis, Monopsyllus anisus and Leptopsylla segnis has higher hosts niche breadth and they were 0.252 5, 0.252 5, 0.252 3, 0.214 5 and 0.202 3. The highest diversity index of parasitic fleas was Rattus nitidus（1.5179）, the second Mus musculus（1.3522）, and the third R. norvegicus（1.116 6）. Conclusion There is no relationship between flea diversity, and diversity and density of host animal as well as richness; to some extent, host niche breadth can reflect the specificity of adult fleas to hosts.