上海市黄浦区101个地下车库蚊虫孳生情况及应对措施分析

Mosquito breeding and countermeasures in underground garages in Huangpu district, Shanghai

目的 调查上海市黄浦区不同类型地下车库蚊虫孳生情况并分析原因与对策。方法 2014年7-8月蚊虫高峰季节,对上海市黄浦区101个不同类型地下车库进行蚊虫孳生地监测。结果 101个车库的粗阳性率与调整阳性率分别为35.64%和39.13%,孳生地阳性率为21.36%;居民区汽车库集水井阳性率（23.03%）高于商务楼环境（8.14%）,两者差异有统计学意义（χ^2=8.647,P=0.003）,自行车库阳性率（46.67%）高于汽车库（23.03%）类型,两者差异有统计学意义（χ^2=4.135,P=0.042）。大型汽车库阳性率及集水井孳生阳性率分别达到77.78%和29.63%,均高于小型汽车库的28.13%和12.86%,结果差异有统计学意义（χ^2=11.434,P=0.001;χ^2=6.740,P=0.009）;多层汽车库阳性率及集水井孳生阳性率略高于单层（75.00% vs. 43.48%,25.00% vs. 22.78%）。结论 上海城区地下车库密集,蚊虫孳生及侵害现象明显,需引起相关部门重视,在防制措施上重点控制集水井的水质改善及积水量,同时建议以物理防治为主,化学防治为辅。

Objective To explore the status of mosquito infestation in different types of underground garages in downtown Shanghai, and to analyze the causes and suitable countermeasures. Methods Randomly selecting 101 underground garages in Shanghai Huangpu district, conducting mosquito breeding status investigation during July and August, 2014. Results Of the 101 underground garages, the crude and adjusted positive breeding-rate was 35.64% and 39.13%, respectively, and the positive breeding-sites rate was 21.36%. Compared with the commercial building garages, the positive rate of underground collecting-wells（UCWs）in residential garage was significantly higher, and the positive rate of UCWs in bicycle garages are significantly higher than those in car garages. Comparison of different types of garages shows that the mosquito infestation in large-scale garages and multilayer ones are much higher （77.78% vs. 28.13%, χ^2=11.434, P=0.001; 29.63% vs. 12.86%, χ^2=6.740, P=0.009）. Conclusion Featured with high density of underground garages and high degree of underground mosquito infestation, mosquito control still have a long way to go in downtown Shanghai. Compared to chemical mosquito-control measures, physical ones are recommended.