舟山市海岛地区蚊媒种群及其蚊媒传染病病原体分布研究

Study on distribution of mosquito vectors and associated communicable disease pathogens in islands of Zhoushan, China

目的了解舟山市海岛地区蚊媒种群分布及病原体携带状况,为舟山市蚊媒传染病的防控提供科学依据。方法采用勺舀法采集蚊幼虫,用光诱捕法捕获成蚊进行种属鉴定,对蚊虫种群进行描述性分析。采用PCR检测所捕获蚊虫中登革热病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)病毒携带状况。结果采集蚊幼虫样本106份,羽化后收获成蚊1 358只。经鉴定,包括2亚科5属11种。蚊幼虫监测结果显示舟山市白纹伊蚊、东乡伊蚊和致倦库蚊为优势种群,优势种指数分别为0.472、0.283和0.114;成蚊监测结果显示淡色库蚊/致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊在舟山市分布广泛,捕获数分别占79.90%和19.86%,其中库蚊属环带库蚊和杵蚊属蛛形杵蚊为舟山市新发现种,捕获蚊虫中未检测到靶标病原体登革热病毒、基孔肯雅病毒和乙脑病毒等。结论白纹伊蚊、东乡伊蚊、致倦库蚊和三带喙库蚊为舟山市的优势蚊种,虽从捕获的蚊虫中未检测到靶标病毒,但病例输入后有暴发的风险,需加强蚊媒传染病防控。

Objective To explore the distribution of mosquito vectors and communicable disease pathogens, and provide the scientific reference for control of mosquito-borne communicable diseases in Zhoushan archipelago. Methods Mosquito larvae were collected by dipping and adult mosquitos were captured by light trapping. The species of all samples were identified and descriptively analyzed. The harborage of dengue fever, Chikungunya fever and Japanese encephalitis viruses were tested by polymerase chain reaction in adult mosquitos. Results We collected 106 mosquito larvae and 1 358 adult mosquitos. After identified, all mosquitos are classified to 2 subfamilies and 5 genus and 11 species. Aedes albopictus, Ae. togoi and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are predominant species in mosquito larvae. The predominant species indexes are respectively 0.472, 0.283 and 0.114. Adult Cx. tritaeniorhynchus （79.90%） and Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus （19.86%） are widely distributed in Zhoushan city. Cx. annulus and Tripteroides aranoides are new species in Zhoushan city. Target viruses are negative in all mosquito samples. Conclusion Aedes albopictus, Ae. togoi, Cx. pipiens quinquefasciatus and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus are predominant species in Zhoushan city. The target viruses were not found in mosquito vectors in the city. We should pay more attentions to control mosquito-borne diseases due to the risk of outbreak caused by imported cases with corresponding vector-borne diseases.