内蒙古地区2001-2013年达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫疫源地疫情分析

The analysis of Spermophilus dauricus plague natural foci in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2013

目的分析2001-2013年内蒙古察哈尔丘陵、松辽平原达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫自然疫源地动物鼠疫流行特点,为鼠疫监测和防治提供科学依据。方法收集2001-2013年内蒙古达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫自然疫源地各年度鼠疫监测数据,采用描述性流行病学方法分析。结果 2001-2013年,共捕获达乌尔黄鼠18 937只,鼠密度为0.88只/hm^2;共梳检达乌尔黄鼠38 203只,染蚤率为48.60%,获蚤76 452匹,蚤指数为2.00;从察哈尔丘陵地区的长爪沙鼠中分离到鼠疫菌1株,间接血凝试验检出达乌尔黄鼠鼠疫F1阳性血清93份。结论 2001-2013年该疫源地未发生人间鼠疫疫情;除2011、2013年外其他年份均有动物间鼠疫疫情,疫源地动物间鼠疫仍活跃。

Objective To understand the enzootic plague epidemic characteristics of Inner Mongolia Spermophilus dauricus plague natural foci in the ChaHaEr hill-Song Liao plains during 2001-2013, provided a scientific basis for future plague surveillance and management. Methods Collected plague monitoring data from 2001 to 2013 in the Inner Mongolia S. dauricus plague natural foci, used descriptive epidemiological method to analyze the data. Results From 2001 to 2013, 18 937 S. dauricus were captured, rat density was 0.88; In total 38 203 S. dauricus were combed for fleas, flea infection rate was 48.60%. Together 76 452 fleas were collected, fleas index was 2.00;One strain Yersinia pestis was identified from Meriones unguiculatus and 93 positive serum samples of S. dauricus were detected by IHA from 2001 to 2013. Conclusion Enzootic plague persists in natural foci which is mainly maintained by S. dauricus, while there has been no human cases reported.