冬小麦籽粒大小分布及产量分析

Analysis on Grain Size Distribution and Yield of Winter Wheat

为挖掘小麦籽粒大小与产量的关系，以河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所小麦育种课题组充分灌溉条件下的18个新品系鉴定高代系和2个对照小麦品种为试验材料，利用影像法测定籽粒的长度和宽度，对其分布特征进行系统统计，并与产量进行了对比分析。结果表明：籽粒宽度的变异系数明显〉粒长的变异系数，长宽分布是否具有正态分布特征与产量关系不明显，粒宽变异系数与产量呈显著负相关，简单统计分析无法挖掘到更多有用信息；宽度分布曲线的快速傅里叶变换后的第二和第三频率的模与产量呈正相关，且第三频率模的相关性达到了显著水平，粒长分布快速傅里叶变换不具有如上特征；粒长百分位与产量的相关关系分析显示，各百分位数均与产量呈弱的正相关，50%~99.5%区段的相关系数高于50%以前的区段，说明粒长增加、粒长的均匀分布、适当增加长粒的比重有利于增产；粒宽百分位与产量的关系分析显示，提高前50%区段的粒宽可提高产量，增加90%以后的粒宽对增产无益；以粒宽为X轴、粒长为Y轴、分布频率为Z轴的等高线图可用于描述籽粒大小的分布状态；高产小麦的籽粒分布以较高的整齐度、较大的籽粒宽度和长度及其协同性为主要特征。

To evaluate the relations between grain size character and yield,the grain size of 18 high gen-eration inbred lines and 2 reference varieties in no water stress condition were measured by digital image system,and the grain size distribution were characterized referring the yield. The results showed that the grain width coefficient of variation （cv） was larger than that of length,and the width cv negatively relat-ed to the yield,whether the distribution of length and width fit normal distribution or not did not related with the yield, the sample statistics can＇t dig out more useful information that related to yield. The Fast Fourier Transform （FFT） of width distribution data reviewed that the module of second and the third point were positively related with the yield, and the third one has significant correlations. The FFT for length did not have that property of the width. The percentile analysis reviewed that all the length size in every percentiles were positively correlated with the yield,even not significant,the correlation coefficient in the scale of 50%-99.5% is higher than that of 0.5%-50%,showing increase length and its uniformity is fa-vorite for yield. The percentile analysis of width shows increase the size of the first 50% small partition will benefit the yield and increase the last 90% partition will not favorite the yield. The contour line of the distribution with width,length and frequency as X Y Z axis respectively will clearly illustrate the dis-tribution pattern,the characters of high yield wheat grain is higher uniformity, relatively larger width and length and coordination within them.