清末民初在华传教士西医译作的归化研究

A Study of Domesticating Translations of Medical Books Translated by Western Missionaries in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Years of the Republic of China

清末民初在华传教士翻译的西医书籍中在归化策略引导下,其文本在编译思路、译例译名选择上均有中国化特征。这一现象经历了三个阶段:早期西医的传入与西洋文明的渗入为其有效翻译和日后普及西医书籍奠定基础;19世纪中叶编译的西医系列启蒙教材的传播开始产生影响;19世纪末至民国初,西医分科译书的门类全面和传播途径多样化标志着西医译书活动走向成熟。三个阶段见证了西医从被忽视,到中西医会通,再到超胜中医的历史沿革。

Under the domesticating translation strategy in medical books translated by Western missionaries in China in the late Qing Dynasty and the early years of the Republic of China,the missionaries＇ translation was sinicized in the ideas of adaptation,selection of Chinese sentences and terms. This phenomenon went through three stages： the establishment of the foundation for the widespread of western medical books with the early introduction to the western medicine and the penetration of western culture; the influence of a series of western medical enlightening translations in the mid- 19 th century; the maturity labeled by the rich classification and the diversity of the ways of spreading in the end of 19 th century and the beginning of the Republic of China. These three stages witnessed the historical evolution of western medicine,from being ignored to integrating with Chinese medicine,and finally surpassing Chinese medicine.