盆底磁共振成像在女性盆腔器官脱垂中应用的研究进展

Progress of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse

盆底功能障碍性疾病(pelvic floor dysfunction,PFD)是一类由盆底支持结构缺陷、损伤及功能障碍引起的疾病。盆腔器官脱垂(pelvic organ prolapse,POP)是PFD的重要组成部分,以盆腔器官位置下降并引发脏器功能异常为主要临床表现,严重影响成年女性的身心健康。明确女性盆底解剖结构是研究POP发病机制的必经之路,女性盆底的解剖结构是一个以骨盆为依托,由神经、肌肉、结缔组织和盆底器官共同构建的复杂的三维结构。学者们利用各种体格检查及辅助检查探索复杂的盆底解剖结构及功能,如:POP-Q评分、超声检查、排粪造影、磁共振成像等。近年来,动、静态磁共振成像因对软组织分辨率较高、无辐射、多平面成像、无骨伪影干扰等多种优势在盆底三维重建方面具有广泛的应用前景。比较磁共振成像在女性盆底影像学中与其他检查方法的优劣,综述磁共振成像探索盆底疾病的检查方法、应用现状及展望。

Pelvic floor dysfunction（PFD） is a kind of disease which is caused by the defects of the pelvic floor support structure. Pelvic organ prolapsed（POP） is an important part of PFD, the main clinical manifestations is the position of pelvic organs descent and the function abnormal, it can seriously affects the physical and mental health of adult women. It is necessary to study the mechanism of POP in female pelvic floor, which under the neural control, attached to the bony pelvis. It is a complex three-dimensional arrangement of muscle connective tissue and organs. Scholars use all kinds of physical examination and auxiliary examination to explore the anatomy and function of the pelvic floor, such as POP-Q score, ultrasound, defecography and magnetic resonance imaging（MRI）. In recent years, the dynamic and static magnetic resonance imaging has the advantages of high resolution of flab, no radiation, multi planar imaging, no bone artifact interference etc, and has wide application prospect in the three-dimensional reconstruction of pelvic floor. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of magnetic resonance imaging with other methods in female pelvic floor imaging. Review the testing methods, application status and development prospects of magnetic resonance imaging in studying female pelvic floor diseases.