教研楼火灾逃生疏散最优通风方式数值试验研究

Numerical experiments on optimal ventilation mode for escape evacuation in teaching and research building fire

高校教研楼潜在火灾源与高密度人流共存,火灾逃生疏散是保障灾后人身安全的重要环节。为探索火灾逃生疏散最优逃生条件,应用流体动力学分析软件FLUENT,数值分析防火分隔导致多种通风方式的起火分区温度、烟气场分布规律,研究火场逃生疏散的最优通风方式。结果表明,火灾初期开启防火分隔设施更有利于人员逃生疏散;关闭防火分隔设施条件下,防排烟系统开启略优于关闭;研究背景条件下,开启防火分隔为逃生疏散最优方案;火灾后关闭防火分隔设施可以控制火灾蔓延,降低财产损失,但应在确保人员安全疏散后进行。

The potential fire sources and high density people flow coexist in teaching and research buildings of universities,and the escape evacuation in fire is an important part to guarantee the post- disaster personal safety. In order to explore the optimal escape conditions for escape evacuation in fire,the distribution regularities of temperature and smoke field in fire zone under multiple ventilation modes caused by fire separation were numerically analyzed by using the fluid dynamics analysis software FLUENT,and the optimal ventilation mode for escape evacuation in fire was studied. The results showed that in the initial period of fire,opening the fire separation facilities is more beneficial to escape evacuation of personnel. In case of closing the fire separation facilities,the working smoke control system is slightly better than the closing condition. Under the background condition of this study,opening the fire separation is the optimal scheme of escape evacuation. Closing the fire separation facilities after fire can control the fire spread and reduce the property loss,but it should be conducted after ensuring the safe evacuation of personnel.