基于多因素出口选择的建筑疏散指示优化设计

Optimal design on evacuation sign considering multi-factors for exits

建筑疏散指示标志关系到人们的生命安全,为了寻找一种更为有效的引导疏散的思路,实现紧急疏散时合理、有效地引导人员逃生,提出了以疏散人员到出口的距离、出口宽度和出口区域人员密度三个因素为基础的出口选择模式作为建筑疏散指示标志的设计规则;研究了仅考虑距离因素选择出口时疏散人员分配失衡的现象,展示了以人员到出口的距离、出口宽度、出口区域人员密度三个因素为基础的出口选择引导模式对建筑疏散的优化效果。研究结果表明:根据距离、出口宽度和出口区域人员密度三个因素来确定疏散指示标志设计的规则,避免了人员密集建筑场所"就近出口"带来的不利因素,实现了疏散资源的高效利用。

Building evacuation sign is related to people＇s life safety. In order to find an effective evacuation guide method,and achieve the reasonable and effective guide in an emergency,the exit- selection method considering three factors including the distance,exit width and person density is proposed that is used for the rules of the building design on evacuation guide; the unbalanced phenomenon of evacuation distribution only considering distance factor is studied,then the optimal effect of evacuation considering three factors is showed by evacuation simulation. The results show that the rules on the design of the evacuation sign according to the distance,the exit width and personnel density avoid the opposite elements of＂near exit＂rule in the building with a high personal density,and achieve the efficient use of evacuation resources.