女性驾驶人特性与行为机制研究现状及展望

The current situations and futures of female drivers driving characteristics and behavior mechanisms

为系统地认识女性驾驶人的驾驶特性,分析其驾驶行为,从女性驾驶人交通事故数据统计、致因和心理、生理、"药驾"等因素,梳理国内外女性驾驶人驾驶特性及行为机制的研究成果,总结主流研究角度、方法和内容,并展望其未来研究趋势。对文献的梳理和分析表明:导致女性驾驶人交通事故的因素主要包括人格、认知等心理特征和视觉能力、应激反应等生理特征,同时"药驾"也影响着驾驶特性与行为。剖析了女性驾驶人特性及行为机制研究目前存在的不足之处,对未来的研究提出了建议。并针对女性驾驶人群体在各种道路交通环境中开展有效的模拟驾驶培训和教育,进而全面提升中国女性驾驶人的交通安全水平。

Female drivers＇ driving characteristics and behaviors were reviewed. Based on the aspects of statistics and reasons of traffic accidents,psychology and physiological characteristics and ＂ DUID ＂,main advances in the researches were combed. The main research angles,contents and methods were summarized,and the future trends of research on female drivers were described. The analysis on the researches indicates that factors causing female drivers＇ traffic accidents mainly include psychological characteristics such as personality,cognition and physiological characteristics such as vision ability,stress reaction,meanwhile, ＂ DUID＂ affect the driving characteristics and behavior. The paper introduces inadequacy and future trends based on analysis of literature regarding female drivers＇ driving characteristics and behaviors. It should carry out effective training in various simulated driving traffics and education for female drivers group,so that the traffic safety level of China female drivers is fully improved.