培养健康人格:阿德勒的儿童教育观

Cultivation of Healthy Personality—Adler's Views on Childrens' Education

奥地利心理学家阿德勒的人格教育思想在形成过程中,受到了他的童年经验、弗洛伊德和个体实践的重要影响。他在著作中系统阐述了人格教育思想的内涵,即人格统一体、自卑与补偿、追求优越、生活方式、社会兴趣。他提出培养儿童健康人格的有效策略:父母要为孩子提供正确的教育;学校要成为儿童精神发展的场所;重视青春期及性教育等,上述儿童教育主张对后世产生了深远影响。

Adler,the Austrian psychologist,is greatly influenced by his childhood experience,Freud,and individual practice during the formation of his views on personality education. In his books,he systematically expounded on the connotation of personality education,which includes personality unity,inferiority and compensation,pursuit for superiority,life style,and social interests. He puts forward some effective strategies of children＇s personality education,underlining that parents should provide proper education for children and that school should be a place for children＇s mental development. He also suggests to take puberty and sex education seriously. All propositions above have profound influence on later generations.