洛阳市2014年出生缺陷监测情况分析

Analysis on the Monitoring of Birth Defects in Luoyang City in 2014

目的：通过对洛阳市2014年出生缺陷发生情况、类型进行分析,从而采取有效措施,为提高出生人口素质及今后预防、控制工作提供科学准确的依据。方法：采用流行病学回顾性调查研究方法,按照国家出生缺陷监测方案,医院出生缺陷监测对象是妊娠满28周（死胎、死产、活产）至产后7 d的围产儿,在此期间首次确诊的主要出生缺陷。结果：洛阳市2014年度全市出生缺陷794例,总出生缺陷出生率为74.14/万,出生缺陷发生率男高于女,城镇出生缺陷发生率多于农村,≥35岁年龄段出生缺陷发生率最高,20-24岁年龄段发生率最低。缺陷前三位依次是先天性心脏病（12.17/万）、总唇裂（9.54/万）和多指（趾）（8.63/万）。结论：加强妇幼保健三级网络监测建设,做好孕前健康教育,孕期保健,不断提高产前筛查覆盖率、产前诊断技术水平等预防措施,以便有效降低出生缺陷发生率。

Objective：To analyze the occurrence and type of birth defects in Luoyang city in 2014,so as to take effective measures to improve the quality of the birth population,provide scientific basis for prevention and control of the future.Method：The retrospective epidemiological investigation method was used,according to national birth defect monitoring program,the hospital birth defects monitoring objects were the full 28 weeks of pregnancy（fetal deaths,stillbirths,live births） to 7 days after delivery of perinatal,during first diagnosed with major birth defects.Result： A total of 794 cases of birth defects of Luoyang city in 2014, the birth rate was 74.14/ten thousand.The incidence rate of birth defect in males was higher than in females.The incidence rate of birth defect in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas.The incidence rate of birth defect in maternal age of more than 35 years old was the highest and the incidence of 20-24 years old of that was the lowest.Defects in the former three followed by congenital heart disease（12.17/ten thousand）,total cleft lip（9.54/ten thousand） and multi finger（toe）（863/ten thousand）.Conclusion： Strengthen maternal and child health three-level monitoring network construction, do a good job in the pre pregnancy health education and prenatal care,constantly improve the prenatal screening coverage rate,the technical level of prenatal diagnosis and other prevention measures,in order to reduce incidence of birth defects.