模拟降雨条件下北运河流域农田养分流失特征

Characteristic of Soil Nutrients Loss in Beiyunhe Reservoir Under the Simulated Rainfall

为了解北运河流域农田养分流失特征,通过模拟降雨的情况下,分析了降雨量对径流雨水中养分含量、土壤养分和泥沙流失的变化特征。结果表明,北运河地区只有在暴雨情况下产生农田径流,暴雨后,农田径流雨水中总N浓度在4.7～11.3 mg·L-1,氨态氮和硝态氮占44.51%;总P浓度在0.66～1.35 mg·L-1,水溶磷含量占到总磷54.08%。养分的流失以表层为主,土壤表层总氮流失比例达到29.79%,氨态氮损失率达到52.09%,硝态氮损失10.21%,表层土壤总磷含量下降达到16.48%,水溶性磷损失5.27%。农田径流泥沙中总氮含量为0.66～1.27 mg·g-1,占总流失量的82.28%;总P浓度在14.73～20 mg·g-1,占到总流失量的99.89%;模拟降雨后土壤大团聚体减少8.8%,而微团聚体增加9.5%。

Field nutrient loss from soil became the major factor of the water pollution control in countryside in China. Beiyunhe reservoir is located in semiarid zone, where field nutrient loss distributed in summer. To assess the flied nutrient loss in Beiyunhe reservoir, we conducted experiments to study the characteristic of soil nutrients loss by analysis of the content of runoff water, soil nutrients and runoff water sediment under simulated rainfall. The results showed that the runoff happened in the rainstorm. In runoff water, the content of TN was 4.7-11.3 mg· L^-1, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen accounted for 44.51% of TN; the content of P was 0.66-1.35mg· L^-1 water soluble phosphorus accounted for 54.08% of TP. And the main loss of nutrients was in the surface soil, the loss of TN, NH3-N, NO3-N, TP and DP were 29.79%, 52.09%, 10.21%, 16.48% and 5.27%, respectively. However, the most of field nutrient loss were in runoff sediment, the content of TN and TP were 0.66-1.27mg· L^-1 and 14.73-20 mg· L^-1 in sediment, and TN and TP account for 82.28% and 99.89% of total loss of nutrient. After the rainstorm, the macro-aggregates were reduced 8.8%, and the micro-aggregates increased 9.5%.