县域农村学校师资发展不均衡研究——基于西北四县的实证调查

The Research on Imbalanced Development of Teacher Resource in Rural School in the County Area——Based on the Empirical Investigation of Northwestern Region

为有效提高农村学校薄弱的师资力量,缩小县域城乡教育发展不均衡水平,改善农村教育质量,文章对陕西、宁夏和甘肃等地抽取了840名县域农村学校教师进行了问卷调查和访谈,发现当前农村师资薄弱主要表现为县域城乡学校师资不均衡,具体来讲,县城乡学校教师数量、质量、学科教师结构优化程度和教师资源共享方面的不均衡。这些问题反映了我国教育行政部门的管理理念有待改进,义务教育财政管理体制仍不健全,教师管理政策不合理和农村教师工资待遇水平偏低等。因此,促进教育均衡发展应始终坚持"公平"和"均衡"发展理念;完善教师招聘、调配和激励政策,提升教师培训效率和专业化水平;挖掘农村社区力量,探索农村教师的内生发展对策,从而促进义务教育均衡发展。

To improve the weakness of teachers in rural schools, and narrow unbalanced development between urban and rural education in county area, to improve the quality of rural education, we selected samples of 840 rural teachers to do questionnaires and interviews in Shaanxi, Ningxia and Gansu province, etc. We found that teachers＇ imbalance between urban and rural school in county area mainly includes： the imbalance of teachers＇ quantity, quality, subject teachers＇ degree of structure optimization, and the imbalance of resource sharing in urban and rural school. These issues reflect the management needs to be improved by the administrative department of education in our country. The financial management system of compulsory education is still not perfect. Teachers＇ management policy is not reasonable, and the level of rural teachers＇ salary is low, etc. Therefore, to promote the balanced development of the education should always adhere to the ＂fair＂ and ＂balanced＂ development concept; improving the teachers＇ recruitment, allocation and incentive policy, improving training efficiency and specialization level; mining rural community power, exploring the endogenous development countermeasures of rural teachers, in order to promote the compulsory education balanced development.