“V完”式述补结构的语法化过程——兼论“完”的虚化

The Predict-Complement Structure V-wan and the semantic bleaching of wan

本文对先秦两汉、魏晋至宋和元明清时期的语料分别进行统计,描述了"V完"式述补结构的形成过程。根据我们的统计,"V完"式述补结构出现的时间不晚于元代,是"完"的语义不断虚化以及由此产生的句法环境改变的结果。另外本文还从与"完"搭配的动词的泛化、"V完"由主谓结构降级为述补结构、表达时体信息以及充当背景句谓语的比例升高等角度论证了"完"的语义在不断地虚化。

Based on the linguistic data of ancient Chinese, this paper analyzes the formation of the Predi- cate-Complement Structure V-wan. We believe that V-wan formed no later than the Yuan Dynasty, due to the semantic generalization of wan and the resulting change of its syntactic position. In addition, it is proved that the semantic bleaching of wan exists because of the generalization of the verbs in V-wan, the syntactic demotion of wan from predicate to complement, and the function of expressing the completive aspect as well as the increasing proportion of wan which works as the predicate in background sentences.