航天器精密控温技术研究现状

A Review on Precise Temperature Control Technology for Spacecraft

航天器精密控温技术是目前航天器热控制的重要组成部分,航天器、尤其是光学遥感卫星对精密热控的需求极为迫切。文章通过简明扼要的机理分析,获取了影响航天器控温性能的主要因素:热控设计、控温周期、可分辨的加热时间、加热控制方式、测温精度、控温算法。在此基础上,着重调研和综述了国际上航天器控温算法选用及控温系统设计方法的研究现状,并进行了对比分析,从控温系统设计方法、控温算法、控温策略及控温系统性能验证方面指出了中国在该领域存在的不足,对中国航天器精密控温技术的发展提出如下建议:积极开展PI控制在航天器精密控温上的应用、基于被控对象热特性的控温系统设计方法及体现高精度控温策略的精确热分析技术等研究。

Precise temperature control technology for spacecraft is one of the important parts of spacecraft thermal control. Precision thermal control is extremely required for spacecraft, especially optical remote sensing satellite. Thermal design, temperature control cycle, minimum heating time, heating control mode, temperature measurement precision and temperature control algorithm are the key factors which affect the performance of spacecraft temperature control system. They are obtained according to theoretical analysis. On this basis, temperature control algorithm and the design method of temperature control system in home and abroad are reviewed in this paper. Some shortages are pointed out in temperature control system design method, temperature control algorithm, temperature control strategy and temperature control system performance verification in China. The suggestion on spacecraft precision temperature control technology is put forward. Some technologies are needed to be further studied, including application of PI algorithm, design method based on object＇s thermal properties and accurate thermal analysis.