着陆器顶板羽流导向设计及验证技术

Design and Verification Technology of Plume Guiding Device on Lander Roof

开展深空探测,对着陆器进行羽流导向设计,引导羽流扩散、降低其力/热作用是减小发动机羽流对地外星体表面起飞影响的技术途径。文章首先通过对平板、球面及圆锥三种不同形式导流装置的导流分析,确定了着陆器顶板导流装置的基本构型与工作环境,完成了导流装置结构设计和材料筛选,最后进行了温度场、抗压强度、高低温热应力分析及相关试验验证。研究结果表明,圆锥形导流装置对上升器底板的力/热效应最弱、羽流导向效果最优,其表面承受着分布不均的气动力/热载荷,结构形式及防热材料能够满足承载防热及轻量化要求,导流装置及上升器支架在验证试验过程中未出现开裂失效现象,试验结果与分析结论吻合。文章研究结论及方法对后续深空探测的羽流导向设计具有借鉴意义。

For carrying out deep space exploration, conducting plume oriented design, guiding plume diffusion and reducing its force and thermal effect are the technological approaches to reduce the impact of engine plume on taking off from a celestial body surface. Firstly, through the diversion analysis of three different forms of flat, sphere and cone plume guide device, this paper defines basic configuration and working environment of lander plume guiding device, and completes structural design and materials selection of the plume guiding device. Finally, it analyzes the temperature field, compressive strength and thermal stress of the guiding device in plume condition and gives the test verification results. The results show that the effect of the cone plume guiding device is the best for reducing the force/thermal effect on the bottom plat of the ascender and plume guiding, and the cone device bears uneven aerodynamic load. The structure and thermal protection material of the plume guiding device can fulfill the heat, weight and load requirements. The plume guiding device and the ascender bracket does not crack or fail during the experiments; the analysis results are consistent with the experimental data. The research may provide a reference for further explorations of the plume guiding device design in the future.