R&D统计模式创新及其现代经济增长的新含义

The R&D Statistical Pattern and the New Significance of Modern Economic Growth

2009年,联合国统计委员会就国民经济核算的议题,推出了新的国际统计标准,即SNA2008体系。该体系最大的修改与变化之一就是把资产分类做了较大调整,扩大了资产边界,其中把"无形固定资产"更名为"知识产权产品",把"研究与开发(R&D)支出"纳入"知识产权产品"框架下。这个修改表明R&D支出将被作为一种长期的"固定资本形成"计入年度GDP,而不再是此前老的体系所界定的"中间投入消耗"。这一统计体系的新变化反映了资本化R&D对未来经济增长具有的创新引领、科技进步的积极作用,也较好地强调知识进展、创新驱动等内生性增长的新经济增长理论之间在现实和逻辑上的一致性。目前许多国家开始相继采用SNA2008的核算标准来进行GDP的统计与核算。我国现行的R&D统计体系与SNA2008中的统计标准尚存在较大差距。应当借鉴国际经验,尽快根据SNA2008体系和标准来改革、完善我国R&D数据统计体系,完善国民经济核算体系建设,以此更加突出我国以科技创新为主体、实现创新驱动发展、引领转型升级的战略意义。

The United Nations Statistical Commission launched SNA2008 which is new international standards of GDP statistics, characterized by the re-classification of assets and the expansion of the boundaries of assets, such as the changing of 'intangible fixed assets' into 'intellectual property products' and the listing of R&D expenditure under the category of intellectual property products. This means that R&D expenditure will be considered as part of GDP instead of intermediate consumption as in the previous standards. This reflects the role of capitalized R&D for economic development and scientific progress; it also shows the consistency both in practice and logic between intellectual advancement as well as innovation and the new type of economic theories. Many countries have adopted the SNA2008 system in GDP statistics. China's R&D statistical method is not fully consistent with the new standards. Reform should be carried out to adopt the new standards for GDP statistics so as to highlight the role of innovation and industrial restructuring and upgrading.