日语女性标记词「女性~」用法调研

A Survey of the Use of Japanese Feminine Marker “Josei ~ ”

通过调查《朝日新闻》的数据库，分析了日语女性标记词＂女性～＂的使用现状、语法接续和使用变化，同时考察了其适用性强和使用发生变化的原因。通过考察，发现＂女性～＂具有使用范围广、语法接续自由、后接词素丰富多样等特点，且其后项要素没有＂女性～＂和＂女流～＂等其他女性标记词后项要素所显示的显著特点，同时其使用呈逐年递增的趋势。导致＂女性～＂出现上述特点的原因可归结为两点：＂女性～＂作为自由语素的形态学特征；2．单独使用的＂女性～＂所具有的“女性这种性别”的语义和“新颖、中立、正式”的语感。

Taking Asahi Shimbun of the year 2010 as its data, the paper studies the current situation, grammatical proclitic words and the changes of use of the Japanese feminine marker ＂Josei - ＂, and then analyzes its range of use and explains the causes for the changes. The findings show that ＂Josei -＂ as a marker, with its use on a continuous increase, has a wide range of application and a good flexibility in collocation with its proclitic morphemes rich in variety, and its proclitic items are not as limited as those of other feminine markers like ＂ Josi - ＂ or ＂ Joryu ＂. There are two reasons accounting for these features： the morphological feature of ＂Josei ~ ＂ as a free morpheme, and its denotation of ＂female gender＂ and its connotation of ＂novelty, neutrality and formality＂ in independent use.