从“以我观之”到“以道观之”——庄子“轮扁斵轮”的哲学解读

By “From the Perspective of Self ”to “From the Perspective of Dao”——Zhuang Zi's Philosophical Interpretation on “Lunbian Zhuo Lun”

《庄子》"轮扁斵轮"寓言中是以轮扁为"观"之主体,以斵轮作为推论的逻辑起点。轮扁之"观"具有两种内涵:由"以我观之"走向"以道观之"。轮扁斵轮的实践过程以其自身之在为出发点,从或"徐"或"疾"进展到"不徐不疾",由"技"至"道"这一过程既彰显出轮扁"以我观之"的内涵,亦被赋予了"以道观之"的特征。在斵轮过程中,庄子既强调要从人为走向自然,对目的、意图进行扬弃;同时,庄子又承诺了"不徐不疾""得手应心"地斵轮的完美境界,这种自然而然的、近于道的境界无疑是斵轮活动的目的。显然,庄子对于斵轮活动中的目的、意图的扬弃与对于斵轮最终可达到的境界的承诺之间存在着张力。

In the fable of Zhuang Zi＇ s ＂Lunbian Zhuo Lun ＂,Lunbian is a perspective of the subject,＂ Zhuo Lun＂ is the logical starting point of corollary. Lunbian＇ s perspective has two kinds of meanings：by ＂from the perspective of self ＂ to ＂from the perspective of Dao＂. In practice of ＂Lunbian Zhuo Lun ＂ ,with itself being as the starting point,from or slow or fast progress tonot slow not fast process and from ＂Skill＂ to ＂Dao＂ process which shows connotation of ＂from the perspective of self＂, has been given the characteristics of ＂from the per- spective of Dao＂. In the process of ＂Zhuo Lun＂, Zhuang Zi emphasized from man-made to natural, to abandon the purpose and intention;at the same time, he promised to not slow not fast,with facility the perfect realm of ＂Zhuo Lun＂, this natural, close to the ＂Dao＂ state is undoubtedly the purpose of the ＂Zhuo Lun＂. Apparently, there is a tension of two aspects.