海雾预报研究综述

A Summary of Research on Sea Fog Forecasting

从统计预报和数值模拟预报两方面回顾了过去几十年国内在海雾预报技术上的主要研究进展。统计预报方法是中国沿海气象台站预报海雾的除天气学方法外的主要工具,一定程度上能提高海雾预报准确率,但无法摆脱自身经验统计的缺陷。随着计算机技术的飞速发展,海雾数值模拟和预报应用越来越广泛,并将成为海雾预报主流方法。海雾数值预报模式的发展经历了从一维到三维、从单一大气模式到海气耦合模式的过程。而研发先进的数据同化技术,同化更好的卫星资料弥补海上观测缺少的不足,选择最合适的边界层与微物理参数化方案,进行高分辨率三维数值模式集合预报,将使海雾预报准确率明显提高。

A review of the research progress over the past few decades is presented here on the sea fog forecasting technique based upon statistical and numerical prediction. The statistical method is a major tool except the synoptic method on the sea fog forecast at coastal meteorological observatories in China. It improves the forecasts of sea fog but have defects of the empirical statistics. With the rapidly development of computer technology, the numerical simulation and prediction on sea fog events are applied widely and will become the main method. Nowadays, the sea fog numerical prediction models are developed from the one-dimensional to three-dimensional and from the single atmospheric model to coupled air-sea model. The advanced assimilation technique, which assimilates the satellite data to overcome the lack of marine observations, together with the ensemble prediction in the three-dimensional numerical prediction model, which uses a higher resolution, selects the most suitable boundary layer and physical parameterization schemes, will greatly improve the sea fog forecasts.