中国城镇化进程中基础设施投融资时空格局与发展特征

Spatiotemporal patterns and characteristics of urban infrastructure investment and financing during China's urbanization

基础设施建设是城镇化的重要组成部分,对城镇化起着基础性支撑保障作用。通过宽窄两种口径,采用统计分析、变差系数和Moran指数等方法对基础设施投资的时空格局进行模拟分析。研究发现:1总体上,中国基础设施投资一直处于高速增长态势,基础设施已成为城镇化的重要驱动力;2基础设施投资结构中,电力、交通、水利等经济性基础设施是投资的主要领域,但医疗卫生、教育、社会保障等社会性基础设施投资比重逐渐增加,体现了新型城镇化以人为本的发展特点;3政府在基础设施投资中起主导作用,地方政府财政投入、银行贷款和土地出让金等是基础设施投资的主要资金来源;4基础设施投资在空间分布上存在不均衡和多中心格局,环渤海地区、长三角地区、珠三角地区以及川渝地区的基础设施投资一直高于其他省区,这种差异与城镇化和经济发展密切相关,但差距趋于缩小;5城乡之间的基础设施投资存在分异,但分异程度有待进一步研究。研究结果为下一步基础设施投融资模式创新研究奠定了基础,也为政府决策提供了参考。

Infrastructure development is an important part of urbanization and plays a fundamental role in supporting urban development. Using two kinds of statistical standards and by means of regression analysis, GIS analysis, and coefficient of variation calculation, this article analyzes the spatiotemporal pattern of infrastructure investment in China. The research found that：（1） Infrastructure investment in China has been growing at a high speed and has been an important driving force of urbanization.（2） Investment in economic infrastructure including electricity, transportation, water conservancy, is the main part of investment in infrastructure development,but the proportion of investment in medical and health care, education, social security, and other social infrastructure development has been gradually increasing.（3） Local government financial investment, bank loans, and land- transferring fees are the main sources of funds for infrastructure investment, and the government plays a leading role in such investment.（4） Infrastructure investment significantly differ between provinces and such difference is closely related to urbanization and economic development, but the gap tends to be closing.（5） There are differences between urban and rural infrastructure investment. The results not only can lay some foundation for further study including innovation and improvement of investment structure, but also provide some references for investment decisions of the government.