哈大高铁对东北城市旅游供需市场的空间效应研究——基于景点可达性的分析

Impact of Harbin-Dalian high-speed railway on the spatial distribution of tourism supply and demand markets in Northeast China cities:Based on the accessibility of the scenic spots

本文基于GIS技术,以景点可达性为切入点,从市场供需的视角,依据市场供需的影响因素将潜力模型进行分解,得到旅游市场的供给和需求潜力模型。研究发现:1哈大高铁使东北各地到区域内各旅游景点平均时间压缩2.5 h左右,填补了东北一日游市场区的空白,拓展了两日游市场区的范围,形成以高铁为轴,以中心城市为核心,以一日游、两日游及七日游为主要形式,向高铁两侧和中心城市周边依次扩散的圈层+轴带状区域旅游空间形态。2东北城市旅游供需潜力变化均呈现随到高铁距离增加而衰减的现象,促使供需市场向高铁沿线集聚,带动了高铁旅游经济带的形成,并导致东北旅游空间集散特征更加明显。3高铁对短期游(一日游、两日游)供需市场的带动明显好于七日游市场。4基于旅游可达性,以城市为基本单元,根据核心—边缘理论,结合旅游供需潜力发展状况,将东北城市旅游市场区划分为核心区、外围区、过渡区、边缘区4类。本文认为,应以高铁等快速交通方式和旅游枢纽城市为依托,进一步完善旅游景点的交通网络,促进区域旅游供需空间网络的优化与对接。

Using GIS technology, this article takes the 4A level and above attractions as the research objects to derive supply and demand market potential models by taking site accessibility as a starting point and based on the influencing factors of supply and demand. The study found that：（1） Harbin-Dalian high-speed rail improved Northeast China cities＇ accessibility to tourism sites within the region by reducing average travel time by about2.5 hours. The number of sites suitable for a one- day tour and a two- day tour increased, and a region tourism spatial structure formed along the high-speed railway, with center cities as the core, spreading from both sides of the high-speed railway and around the center cities, and characterized by one-day, two-day, and seven-day tours.（2） The potential of tourism supply and demand markets decreases when moving away from the high- speed railway lines, and the market concentrates along these lines, leading to the formation of a high-speed rail tourism economic zone and increasing the spatial concentration of tourism in the Northeast region.（3） High- speed rail stimulates short tours（day trips, two-day tours） more than seven-day tour.（4） According to accessibility and the core- periphery theory, we divided the tourism market in the Northeast region into four types： tourism market core area; tourism market peripheral area, tourism market transitional area, and tourism market margin area. It is necessary to rely on high- speed rail and other fast transportation mode and tourism hub cities to improve the transport network, and promote the optimization and coupling of the regional tourism supply and demand spatial networks.