碳基负极材料储钠反应的研究进展

Research progress of carbon-based sodium-storage anode materials

钠离子电池具有资源丰富、成本低廉、环境友好等优势,被认为是最有可能取代锂离子电池成为大规模储能应用的理想电源之一。钠离子电池的性能主要决定于储钠正负极材料,而储钠负极材料是其中一个重要的组成部分。在目前所研究的储钠负极材料中,碳基负极不仅具有较低的嵌钠平台、较高的容量及好的循环稳定性,还具有资源丰富、制备简单等优点,是目前最具应用前景的储钠负极材料。本文综述了石墨、石墨烯、软碳和硬碳等几种碳材料的储钠行为及研究进展,探讨了碳材料储钠性能与微观结构的内在联系,进而阐明了硬碳材料作为最为理想的储钠碳负极材料的应用优势。本文还探讨了目前颇具争议的两种硬碳储钠机理—"嵌入-吸附"和"吸附-嵌入",并对硬碳材料的发展前景作出了展望。

Because of the natural abundance, low cost and environmental friendliness of sodium, sodium-ion battery has been considered as the most likely alternative of lithium-ion battery for large-scale energy storage applications. The electrochemical performance of a sodium-ion battery depends mainly on its positive and negative sodium storage materials, and the negative one is even a more important component. Among the negative materials currently studied, carbon-based ones have been considered as the most promising candidates because of their advantages of abundant resources, low sodium embedded platform and good cycle stability. This paper reviews the Na-storage behavior and research progress of graphite, graphene, soft carbon and hard carbon, and investigates the correlation between Na-storage performance and micro-structure, and reveals the application advantages of the hard carbon as the most promising carbon anodes for sodium-ion batteries. This paper also discusses two controversial Na-storage mechanisms of hard carbon, which are intercalation-absorption and absorption-intercalation respectively, and prospects the future development of hard carbon for sodium ion storage.