端面下斜导流板对高速列车转向架防积雪性能的影响

Influence of inclined guiding plate on anti-snow performance of high-speed train bogie

针对风雪气候条件下高速列车转向架区域的防积雪结冰问题,设计端部下斜橡胶板导流方案。基于RNG k-ε湍流模型对15 m/s横风环境、200 km/h运行车速条件下,不同导流板下斜距离方案的转向架区域进风量、流线流速及对整车的气动力影响进行计算和分析。研究结果表明:转向架底面为主要进风来源,导流板下斜距离越大,转向架区域的总进风量越小,下斜距离由40 mm增至60 mm,总风量减小幅度最高达50%;优化前后流速流线对比显示,下斜导流方案改变了运行前方底板下方来流流场,上扬气流受导流板抑制往下流动,气流绕过转向架区域腔口抵达转向架底部后方,有效减少了车底进入转向架区域气流;增加导流板后,随着导流板下斜距离增加,整车阻力为增加趋势,相比原型车最大增加2.4%。而横向力、升力和倾覆力矩变化均在1.8%以下,影响较小。

Inclined rubber guiding plate was designed for anti-snow problem of high-speed train bogie in blown snow conditions. Adopting the RNG k-ε turbulence model, air intake volume, flow line, flow velocity of the bogie area with different slant distances as well as its influence on car-body aerodynamic force were calculated and analyzed at the cross wind speed of 15 m/s and train speed of 200 km/h. The results show that bottom side is the major air intake source of bogie area. The total air intake volume of bogie area decreases as slant distance increases. Decrease rate of the total air intake volume can reach 50% when the slant distance grows from 40 mm to 60 mm. Air flow below the frontage bottom plate is changed by the installed guiding plate. Air streamline passes by the bogie cavity and goes straight to the rear bottom plate, which effectively decreases the air flow into the bogie area. As the slant distance increases, boundary layer separation of car-body surface occurs and aerodynamic drag increases by 2.4% compared with that of the original car. However, lateral force, lift force and overturning moment vary within 1.8 %, which has little effect on safety.