俄罗斯现代风景园林发展概述

Overview on the Development of Modern Landscape Architecture in Russia

对俄罗斯现代风景园林的百年发展历程进行论述,总结俄罗斯现代园林发展的主要特征,探究政治、社会、历史和生态等因素对其产生的影响。近现代,战争让俄罗斯人民的思想空前统一,园林行业受到政治和社会的影响,呈现出强烈的民族特色。苏联时期的社会文化保持相对独立,风景园林行业在政府计划经济的指导下表现出鲜明的政治属性,纪念景观和城市公园迅速发展。俄罗斯联邦政府对历史园林采用积极地保护与继承的政策,行业在全球化的影响下呈现多元化发展。

This paper would discuss the centennial history of the modern landscape architecture in Russia, summarize the main characteristics of the development, and explore the political, social, historical and ecological impacts. In modern times, the war made Russian people united unprecedentedly, and landscape industry showed a strong national characteristic subject to political and social influence. In Soviet era, social culture remained relatively independent, and the landscape industry was characterized with the strong political nature under the guidance of Government＇s planned economy, so memorial landscape and the city park underwent a rapid development at that time. The Government of the Russian Federation takes active protecting and inheriting policies on the historic landscapes, so the industry presents diversified development under the impact of globalization.