基于小农经济视角的中国农业水权制度诉求

Requirement of water right system for agricultural water use from prospective of small-scale farming economy

新中国成立以来,我国农业用水模式经历了三次主要变迁,当前存在的主要问题是大中型水利设施供水与农户个体需水之间无法实现有效对接。分析小农经济格局下农业用水的三种属性,即供给对水工程的高度依赖性、使用的强外部性、人权属性。在此基础上进行分析,提出我国农业水权的制度诉求应当建立在农业用水的属性之上,致力于回应当前面临的农业用水问题,树立安全供水和节约用水的制度目标,从而促进我国水资源的可持续利用。

Models for agricultural water use has experienced three evolution processes since the founding of new China in 1949. The current problem is that water demand of individual farmers has not taken into full consideration by large and medium water supply utilities. Three features of agricultural water use under small- scale farming economy are examined, i.e. high dependent on water facilities, high externality of water uses and needs of considering human right. It is mentioned that water right system for agricultural water use should take these features into full consideration, in order to response to the challenges. The systems should help to safeguarding water supply and conservation, so as to promote sustainable utilization of water resources in China.