知识产权行为保全申请主体资格研究——兼评行为保全司法解释征求意见稿第一条

On the Capacity to Apply for Preliminary Injunction in IP Cases: Comments on the First Item of Draft Judicial Interpretation on Preliminary Injunction

被告因原告的起诉、投诉、发出警告函、公开发表声明等行为遭受难以弥补的损失时,应当允许被告提出反向行为保全,即被告在终审判决作出前,请求法院责令原告容忍被告从事特定行为,并且不得妨害、干扰、阻止被告从事特定行为。反向行为保全的提出不以被告提出反诉为前提。被许可人申请行为保全的主体资格完全依附于其是否享有诉权。由于被许可使用权作为债权具有相对性,被许可人对侵权之诉具有诉讼主体地位并非基于其实体权利,而是基于诉讼担当。独占许可被许可人的诉权是基于法定的诉讼担当,排他许可被许可人、普通许可被许可人的诉权是基于任意的诉讼担当。独占许可合同的被许可人可以单独向人民法院提出申请;排他许可合同的被许可人可以和权利人共同申请,也可以在权利人不起诉的情况下,自行提出申请;普通许可合同的被许可人经权利人明确授权以自己的名义起诉的,可以提出申请;许可合同对于诉权行使有约定的,从其约定。

An alleged defendant can apply to the court for reverse actpreservation when irreparable losses are rendered due to the actions conduced by aplaintiff including bring a lawsuit, making a complaint, sending a warning letter andmaking a public statement etc. During the course of a court trial and by a final rulingis rendered, the alleged defendant can apply to the court ordering that the plaintiffshall allow the defendant to freely engage in certain activities and shall not impairand interfere with the defendant’s activities and prevent the defendant from doing so.The competence of the defendant for reverse act preservation is not subject to whethera counterclaim is filed. A Licensee can claim act preservation provided that he isjustified to bring a lawsuit. The rights of licensees to file a lawsuit in a tort litigation isbased on litigation other than substantive rights since the right of use obtained throughlicense in nature is a right of creditor. In tort litigation, the right of licensees in anexclusive license agreement to sue for infringement is statutory, while the right oflicensees in a sole license agreement and a non-exclusive license agreement to bring alawsuit is arbitrary. Licensees under exclusive license agreements may file a lawsuit;licensees under sole license agreements may file a joint lawsuit together with therights holder or independently if the rights holder fails to file a lawsuit; and licenseesunder non-exclusive license agreements may file a lawsuit if explicitly authorizedby the rights holder. The rights to bring a lawsuit may be specifically stipulated andagreed upon by licensees and rights holder in a license agreement.