论合音与汉语音节构成及语音规则的关联——基于中原官话28个方言点的语料

The Correlation between the Syllable Contraction and the Constituents of Chinese Syllable and Phonetic Rules ——Based on the Corpus of 28 Dialects in Zhongyuan Mandarin

在汉语中,合音与相连并用的前后字的音节构成及语音规则有密切联系,一定的外部语音环境和适当的音节构成都有利于合音的形成。合音时,合音成分必须在一个音步的框架中;声母方面,合音后字音节的声母多是零声母或发音部位靠后的擦音、塞音或塞擦音,且合音前后字音节的声母都多是不送气辅音;韵母方面,合音前字音节的主要元音多是开口度较小的中、高元音,而合音后字音节则大多以a为主要元音。合音在形成过程中要受到特定方言音系结构规则的制约,合音也能够生成方言中单字音系统中不存在的音节形式,这在一定程度上能够影响并改进方言的音节结构系统。

There is a close relation between the Syllable Contraction(SC)and the constituents of coterminous syllables and phonetic rules in Chinese.Certain external speech environment and syllable composition contribute to the formation of SC.The composition of SC should be in the frame of one foot;in the aspect of initial,it is mostly a zero or a fricative and a plosive and a affricate in the posterior syllable whose place of articulation is back,what's more,the initials of the front and back syllables that cause SC are mostly unaspirated consonants.In the respect of finals,the majority of main vowel of the front syllable is middle or high vowel whose opening degree is relatively small.However,the back syllable mostly uses'a'as main vowel.The progress of the formation of SC shall be subject to the restriction of specific dialect phonological structure rules,and new syllable forms that don't exist in the syllable system of monosyllabic root morphemes can be generated,which in a certain extent can affect and improve the system of the syllable structure of the dialect.