近代日本的军国主义与统帅权独立

Militarism in Contemporary Japan and Independence of the Imperia

明治维新后,日本为强化天皇统治,逐渐采取军政分离原则,实现统帅权独立,避免政党势力与民众政治对军队的影响。统帅权独立的精神构造与天皇制下的国民统治秩序密切相关,忠君尚武精神通过《军人敕谕》等文本被内化为军队乃至国民的道德规范,对天皇权威的绝对服从与近代宪政精神明显矛盾,统帅权独立侵蚀明治宪政,促使近代日本在军部主导下走向法西斯化。

In the aftermath of the Meiji Restoration,in order to bolster the reign of the Emperor,Japan gradually adopted separationism of military authority and political authority and realized the independence of imperia so as to avoid influences of political parties and general populace on the military.The spiritual structure of the imperia independence was closely related to the general order of ruling the populace under the imperial system,and the spirit of loyalty to the Emperor and the advocate of martial spirit,through documents like The Imperial Edict on the Military,were internalized and became the moral model for the military as well as the whole nation.The absolute obedience to the Emperor's authority patently conflicted with the spirit of contemporary constitutional monarchy,and the independence of imperia corroded the constitution of Meiji,leading to the Fascism of contemporary Japan under the direction of the militarist apparatus.