转型背景下中国环境NGO的行动策略——基于重庆市L环保中心的个案研究

Action Strategies of Chinese Environmental NGO during the Transformation Period: Based on the Case Study of L Organization in Chongqing

本文通过对重庆市L环保中心的调查发现,在中国社会转型背景下,源于西方的"法团主义"与"公民社会"两大视角在分析环境NGO行动中凸显单一维度自主性的弊端,难以从动态视角解释组织参与治理实践过程中独特的行动策略:即在夹缝中"做减法"成长,多策略联动构建常态化互动机制,非对抗不合作的共生逻辑以及自我设限以获得合法性生存与发展等。研究表明,宏观政策变迁、市场体制改革以及环境NGO自身能力的不断提升共同建构了社会组织的行动策略。在多元主体参与环境治理背景下,对照西方分析范式在本土化中的局限,笔者认为,在中国特定的时空背景下,环境治理从单纯依靠政府的时代转向推动政府主导、企业支持以及环境NGO与公众共同参与的"后政府动员式"的发展路径。

By conducting a survey on the L environmental NGO of Chongqing, and given the consideration of thetransition society, this study found several limitations of using the ‘corporatism’ and ‘civil society’ perspectivesto analyze the actions of environmental NGO. For example, it is difficult to explain the special action strategies in the governance process of practice from dynamic perspective, including growing up in the cracks by the wayof ＇subtraction＇, building a normalization mechanism by multi strategies interaction, the coexist logical of nonconfrontationand non-cooperation and to get legitimacy of survival and development by restricting themselves. Thestudy provides suggestions that the action strategies of social organizations are oriented by macro policy changes,market system reforms, and enhanced capacities of environmental NGOs. In addition, this study proposed thatenvironmental protection and improvement in China can alter from ＇government-ruled＇ model to ＇post governmentmobilized＇model in which the government is the leader and enterprises, whereas the environmental NGOs and thepublics are all the stakeholders.