地理科学与艺术史研究的共同范畴——以《辋川图》所再现的园林景观为例

Common Scope of Geographic Science and Art History Study:With Garden Landscape Represented in Wangchuan Villa as an Example

西方地理学者早已开始关注由绘画所再现的现实世界,特别是景观绘画在历史景观研究中的作用。本文以《辋川图》所再现的园林景观为例,发现地理景观在被另一种表征方式包裹起来之后,其原有的景观意义被不断地放大。《辋川图》作为再现这种景观的表现形式,在诞生之时并非具备某种特定文化表征的意义,而在后代的不断流传与演绎过程中,它才逐渐地具备了传承某种精神的文化功能。辋川别业的历史景观早已泯灭,但它所表征的中国古代文人士大夫所特有的隐逸情结却通过《辋川图》的流传得以延续。通过这种中国传统绘画的图卷再现形式,无论是从精神还是实用角度来讲,《辋川图》的价值已超越了"辋川"本身。值得讨论的是,园林建造既由画家完成,接下来,这种园林景观又通过绘画的形式得以再现。那么,这种再现究竟是地理性的描述,还是艺术的表达,或是两者兼有?地理学者与艺术史学者共同的研究范畴是什么?通过进一步思考,可能会更深入地了解艺术表现与地理之间的关系,相反,地理学家要想更好地阐述我们的世界也需要具备一双艺术家的眼睛。

For years Western geographers have been concerned with the real world represented in paintings, in particular the role of landscape paintings in historic landscape research. This article takes the garden landscape in Wangchuan Villa as an example, and discovers that when a geographic landscape is coated with another representation mode, its original significance will be constantly amplified. As a mode to represent the landscape, the Wangchuan Villa did not have any particular cultural significance when produced. It was during the hand- down and deduction process that it gradually had the cultural function of passing down a certain spirit. The historic landscape of Wangchuan villa has already been ruined, but the hermit complex peculiar to ancient scholars and officials in China, which is symbolized by the landscape, has remained via the hand-down of Wangchuan Villa. Through the representation mode of Chinese traditional painting, from both spiritual and practical angles, the value of Wangchuan Villa has exceeded that of ＂Wangchuan＂ itself. The argument is, since the landscape is constructed by the painter and is represented by means of painting, whether this representation is a geographical description or an artistic expression, or a combination of both, and what research scope is shared in common between geographers and art historians. With further reflection, it might be possible to have an in-depth understanding of the relationship between artistic expression and geography; and by contrast, geographers need to have a pair of artistic eyes to better depict our world.